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SAN FRANCISCO — On the ocean bottom off the seacoast of central California lie a Brobdingnagian field of cryptical pockmarks . The discipline spans about 500 hearty miles ( 1,300 square kilometers ) , and there are around 5,200 of these strange pits , which on ordinary measure about 600 foot in diam ( 175 meters ) and 16 feet ( 5 m ) deep .
No one knows how these mystery trap appear , but they in all likelihood made their first coming into court 400,000 years ago , according to inquiry represent on Dec. 9 at the yearly meeting of the American Geophysical Union ( AGU ) here by Charles Paull , a nautical geologist and aged scientist with the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute ( MBARI ) .
Computer-generated 3D view of a micro-depression, created using underwater video from MBARI’s remotely operated vehicle Doc Ricketts
And when Paull ’s squad get off diving robotsinto the ocean depths to represent the pockmarks , they made an unexpected breakthrough . Dotting the ocean bottom around the pockmarks were grand upon 1000 of much smaller holes , or microdepressions , measuring only 36 invertebrate foot ( 11 m ) broad and 3 feet ( 1 m ) abstruse , on average . The microdepressions outnumbered the pockmarks by about three to one , meaning that the pockmark airfield holds roughly 15,000 of these smaller features that were previously undetected , Paull said at AGU .
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Until about three years ago , this part of the seafloor near Big Sur was " a enquiry backwater " with very little data showing what it look like , Paull pronounce . But marine researcher begin investigating the area more close after the sphere come under consideration for building an offshore wind farm .
Computer-generated 3D view of a micro-depression, created using underwater video from MBARI’s remotely operated vehicle Doc Ricketts
The unusual pockmarks were first map from the sea surface by scientists with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) , MBARI and other agencies using sonar , but examining them at high resolution demand MBARI ’s sonar - get on diving robots — autonomous underwater vehicles ( AUV ) , according to Paull .
The state - of - the - art NOAA tool can get solving that ’s on the order of 10 meters . The diving golem can do 10 time better , achieving 1 - meter settlement , he tell .
At that high resolution , the pockmark were found to be smooth and nearly utterly circular . The exceeding point of these new vista also revealed the microdepressions for the first time . They had unconscionable side than the orotund pits and had " tails " that drag off in one direction , hinting that current may have play a role in their formation , Paull explain .
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The microdepressions also contained food waste .
" Many havesubstantial accumulation of rubble , trash — whole plastic dish in some case , " Paull said .
" From what we know about the rate that deposit accumulate in this area that comes with C-14 [ carbon-14 ] dating , this would signal that the strata deposited at this level were deposited 400,000 geezerhood ago , which suggests these features have persisted through clock time , " said Paull . What ’s more , the larger pockmark have n’t changed for more than 50,000 years , Paull say .
The usual account for seabed pits such as these is that they are organise by flows of subsurface fluids or methane gases ; this can create fluid condition in the seabed that would be undesirable for awind farm , Paull said .
But the scientist saw no optical evidence of to-do in the pit . And when they extracted sediment kernel from inside the pockmark and microdepressions and analyzed the water interpersonal chemistry , they did n’t find any chemical trace indicate thepresence of methaneor fluid .
" Both the pockmark and the microdepressions that we get hold show no evidence of methane venting go away on . So , the coarse model for pockmark formation is not play in this internet site , " and more research will be required to determine what influence these pits and pock , Paull say at AGU .
For now , the mystery remains .
in the beginning put out onLive skill .
