How NASA Predicts the Weather

America ’s current combine fleet of civilian and military conditions monitoring satellites are cursorily nearing the close of their useable life spans . It ’s a big mountain ; these orbiter provide accurate conditions report card for a lot of major government agencies including NASA , NOAA , and the Department of Defense ( not to mention our friend ) . But while the DoD scrambles to replace its aging Defense Meteorological Satellite Program and the Europeans are set up their ownHD weather condition stations , NASA and the NOAA are working together to establish the next generation of environmental satellites .

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knight the Joint Polar Satellite System ( JPSS ) , these two ( technically three ) satellite will put up the planetary environmental data point that meteorologists around the earthly concern bank on to make their foretelling — both for the five twenty-four hour period forecast and for tornado / hurricane warnings — the as well as loads of scientific climate data .

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The JPSS computer program get down in February of 2010 at the behest of the White House after the cancellation of the existingNational Polar - orbiting Environmental Satellite System(NPOESS ) program . The new satellites are being built by a consortium of four defense contractors : Ball Aerospace , Raytheon , ITT and Northrop Grumman .

The first JPSS satellite to launch was originally part of the NOAA / NASASuomi National Polar - orb Partnership(SNPP ) , a herald to the JPSS that had been twine into the current programme . The NOAA manages and operates the satellites while NASA designs and builds them . It establish in 2011 and carry prototypes of the five instruments hire by the JPSS-1 .

These instruments are design to collect a mixed bag of “ meteoric , oceanographic , climatological , and solar - geophysical observations of the earth land , oceans , ambience , and near - solid ground space , ” according to theNOAA . They deport a grouchy - track Infrared Sounder ( CrIS ) , an advanced operational sounder that accurately view and calculates atmospheric and temperature reading material to generate a three - dimensional measure of the atmosphere including the front of moisture and trace gas .

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The JPSS-1 also carries an Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite ( OMPS ) , which assess how much ozone is present in a impart column of atmosphere ; aVisible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite(VIIRS ) for imaging cloud and other atmospherical vapors ; the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder ( ATMS ) , which put to work much the same as the CrIS but with microwaves rather than infrared ; and the Clouds and the Earth ’s Radiant System ( CERES ) which , according to theNOAA website , “ helps put up measurements of the distance and fourth dimension statistical distribution of the Earth ’s Radiation Budget ( ERB ) component , further developing a quantitative understanding of the linkup between the ERB and the property of the atmosphere and surface that define the budget . ”

The JPSS-1 itself is the first of the two next - multiplication atmospheric condition satellites that make up the meat of the JPSS program . It is scheduled to set up between November 2016 and early 2017 aboard a Delta II rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California . The JPSS-2 , has not yet been scheduled for launching , will bear only the VIIRS , CrIS , ATMS , and OMPS .

All three of these satellites , as well as the Air Force ’s Defense Weather Satellite System ( DWSS ) , are operate by the JPSS Common Ground System ( CGS ) , a global internet of NOAA receiving stations that receive incoming information packets from the planet as it passes overhead and redistribute it to the worldwide public . Your local weatherman wo n’t have any excuses for borking next weekend ’s forecast once the JPSS satellites are in the air . [ NOAA – Wikipedia – NOAA News – Raytheon ]

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